.svg)
Method: GC-MS (Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry) measuring organic acid metabolites in urine (CLIA 17D0919496); not cleared or approved by the FDA. Results in mmol/mol creatinine. Not a stand-alone diagnosis; should be interpreted in clinical context.
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid comes from two sources: gut bacterial activity, and parabens, preservatives found in cosmetics, personal-care products, and some processed foods.
