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VLDL carries triglycerides and LDL carries cholesterol. Both drive cardiovascular risk through different mechanisms—this guide explains the distinction and what to test.
Lipoprotein(a) is a genetically determined cardiovascular risk factor. Most people with high Lp(a) have no symptoms, which is exactly why testing matters.
How fasting affects blood pressure, what mechanisms drive changes in either direction, and which biomarkers give context to your personal response.
Blood pressure shifts after eating are normal — some patterns are clinically significant. Here is what drives them and the biomarkers worth monitoring.
Clinical overview of blood pressure thresholds, hypertensive emergencies requiring same-day evaluation, and key biomarkers for comprehensive cardiovascular risk assessment.
Discover how modern testing of LDL-C goes deep to assess true cardiovascular risk.
Understand why non-HDL is a powerful, practical heart risk marker.
LDL particle size reveals the metabolic terrain behind your cholesterol — small dense particles track with insulin resistance and elevated triglycerides.
Use NHR to link immune activation with heart and metabolic risk.
Use MHR to connect inflammation with heart and metabolic health.
Understand inherited Lp(a) risk and how it personalizes your heart prevention plan.
A quick signal of lipid quality versus total cholesterol.
What the GGT-to-HDL ratio measures, why GGT and HDL move together under metabolic stress, and what research cutpoints suggest about cardiometabolic risk.
Look beneath LDL-C to the particle profile that matters most.
LDL-P shows how many cholesterol particles are circulating — a metric that's one of the best for predicting plaque risk.
What the cholesterol/HDL ratio measures, why the total-to-HDL balance captures risk LDL alone misses, and how to read your score.
What the LDL/total cholesterol ratio measures, when HDL shifts change it without LDL moving, and why ApoB provides the stronger risk signal.
What the atherogenic coefficient measures, how the non-HDL-to-HDL formula works, and what your score reveals about cardiovascular risk.
Peek into triglyceride transport quality—not just quantity.
What total cholesterol measures, why the HDL fraction makes it a limited risk indicator, and which companion tests reveal the full picture.
Large HDL-P highlights how well your HDL system clears fats and resists inflammation — a subtle metabolic signal.
See how HDL size helps reveal lipid quality, not just quantity.
Find out how HDL particles shape your cardiovascular resilience.
What ApoB measures, why it's more precise than LDL cholesterol for heart risk, and which companion markers complete the lipid picture.
A simple way to read lipid balance and cardiovascular risk at a glance.
What AIP measures, why log-transforming triglycerides and HDL-C reveals what either alone misses, and how to read your score.
A metabolic pairing that tracks inflammation and vascular risk.
Why reading triglycerides and ApoB together reveals cardiovascular risk that either marker alone misses.
A key lipid that links diet, insulin sensitivity, and cardiovascular risk.
Go beyond standard cholesterol to understand particle size, density, and risk patterns.
Large VLDL-P measures triglyceride-rich particles linked to fatty liver and early metabolic dysfunction.
See why higher-quality HDL cholesterol matters for long-term cardiovascular health.
A simple ratio with powerful insight into insulin resistance.
VLDL size blood testing measures the average diameter of very-low-density lipoprotein particles (VLDL) in your blood. VLDL are fat-transporting particles made by the liver (hepatocytes) that package triglycerides, cholesterol, and the structural protein apolipoprotein B100 (apoB100). Bigger particles carry more triglyceride cargo and are released into the bloodstream to deliver energy to tissues. Available at 2,000+ lab locations and at-home (select states). See FAQs below
Uric acid / HDL-C blood testing measures two related signals and expresses them together as a ratio. Uric acid (urate) is the end product of purine breakdown, formed mainly in the liver and carried in the bloodstream before most of it is cleared by the kidneys. Available at 2,000+ lab locations and at-home (select states). See FAQs below
Triglycerides blood testing measures the amount of triglycerides—the body’s main storage form of fat—in your bloodstream. A triglyceride is a small energy package built from one glycerol backbone and three fatty acids (triacylglycerol). Triglycerides come from two places: they’re absorbed from food by the intestine and they’re made by the liver, especially from excess sugars. Available at 2,000+ lab locations and at-home (select states). See FAQs below
Triglyceride/HDL cholesterol (molar ratio) is a calculated number from a standard blood lipid panel. It compares the amount of energy-carrying fats (triglycerides) circulating in triglyceride-rich particles made by the liver and gut (VLDL and chylomicrons) with the amount of cholesterol carried by the body’s “cleanup” particles (HDL). Available at 2,000+ lab locations and at-home (select states). See FAQs below
TG/ApoB blood testing combines two lipid measures into a single signal. Triglycerides (TG) are the body’s main transport form of fat, packed into lipoprotein particles made by the liver and intestine. Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) is the structural “tag” present as one copy on each atherogenic particle—those that can enter artery walls—chiefly VLDL, IDL, LDL, and their remnants (ApoB100 from liver; ApoB48 from intestine). Available at 2,000+ lab locations and at-home (select states). See FAQs below
Small LDL‑P blood testing measures the number of small low‑density lipoprotein particles circulating in your blood. It is a particle count, not a cholesterol amount. These particles arise from the liver’s lipoprotein pathway: very‑low‑density lipoproteins are released and then stripped of triglyceride, producing LDL that can become progressively smaller and denser as remodeling continues (VLDL → LDL via lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase, with lipid exchange via CETP). Available at 2,000+ lab locations and at-home (select states). See FAQs below
Non-HDL cholesterol / total cholesterol (mass ratio) tells you what fraction of all cholesterol in your blood is carried outside of HDL. Non‑HDL cholesterol is total cholesterol minus HDL, capturing the cholesterol inside particles like VLDL, IDL, LDL, lipoprotein(a), and remnant lipoproteins (apoB‑containing lipoproteins). Available at 2,000+ lab locations and at-home (select states). See FAQs below
Non-HDL cholesterol / apolipoprotein B (Non-HDL-C / ApoB) blood testing examines the cholesterol carried by all “delivery” particles except HDL and the key protein that labels each one. Non-HDL cholesterol (non-HDL-C) is the cholesterol contained in low-density and very-low-density lipoproteins and their relatives (LDL, VLDL, IDL, remnant particles, lipoprotein(a)). Available at 2,000+ lab locations and at-home (select states). See FAQs below
Non-HDL cholesterol is a blood measure of all the cholesterol not carried by HDL, the “good” scavenger particles. It captures cholesterol packaged in the liver- and intestine-made delivery particles that circulate to drop off fat and cholesterol to tissues. These include LDL, VLDL, IDL, lipoprotein(a), and remnant particles (apoB-containing lipoproteins). Available at 2,000+ lab locations and at-home (select states). See FAQs below
Neutrophil-to-HDL cholesterol ratio (NHR) is a composite marker built from two routine blood measures: the number of neutrophils and the level of HDL cholesterol. Neutrophils are frontline white blood cells made in the bone marrow that surge during innate immune responses (neutrophils; innate immunity). Available at 2,000+ lab locations and at-home (select states). See FAQs below
Monocyte-to-HDL ratio (MHR) blood testing calculates the proportion of monocytes to high-density lipoprotein in circulation. Monocytes (innate immune white blood cells) are made in the bone marrow and travel in the bloodstream before moving into tissues, where they can mature into macrophages. Available at 2,000+ lab locations and at-home (select states). See FAQs below
Lipoprotein fractionation blood testing profiles the different particles that carry fats in your blood. Lipoproteins are tiny packages of cholesterol and triglyceride wrapped in proteins (apolipoproteins), produced by the liver and intestine and constantly remodeled as they circulate. This test separates and quantifies major classes—VLDL, IDL, LDL, HDL—along with remnants and often lipoprotein(a). Available at 2,000+ lab locations and at-home (select states). See FAQs below
Lipoprotein(a) blood testing measures a cholesterol-carrying particle made in the liver called lipoprotein(a). It’s essentially an LDL-like particle with an extra protein attached. The core is the familiar LDL carrier (apolipoprotein B‑100), and the add‑on is a unique tail (apolipoprotein[a]) linked by a chemical bridge (disulfide bond). Available at 2,000+ lab locations and at-home (select states). See FAQs below
Large VLDL-P blood testing measures the number of large very-low-density lipoprotein particles circulating in your blood (large VLDL particle number). VLDL are fat-carrying packages made in the liver to move triglyceride out to the body. The “large” subset are the biggest, most triglyceride‑rich VLDL particles. Available at 2,000+ lab locations and at-home (select states). See FAQs below
Large HDL-P blood testing measures the number of large high-density lipoprotein particles in the bloodstream. HDL particles are tiny spheres of fat and protein built around apolipoprotein A‑I in the liver and intestine. They begin as small, disc-like carriers that collect cholesterol from cells, then mature as that cholesterol is packaged (esterified by LCAT) and the particles grow. Available at 2,000+ lab locations and at-home (select states). See FAQs below
LDL/HDL ratio blood testing reports the balance between two major cholesterol carriers in your bloodstream. LDL (low-density lipoprotein) mainly delivers cholesterol from the liver to body tissues. It is formed as VLDL from the liver sheds triglycerides and becomes cholesterol‑rich LDL. Available at 2,000+ lab locations and at-home (select states). See FAQs below
LDL-C / ApoB blood testing looks at the cholesterol cargo and the carriers that move it through your bloodstream. LDL-C is the amount of cholesterol contained within low‑density lipoprotein particles, which are formed when the liver’s fat‑rich exports are remodeled in circulation (VLDL → IDL → LDL). Available at 2,000+ lab locations and at-home (select states). See FAQs below
LDL size blood testing captures the Available at 2,000+ lab locations and at-home (select states). See FAQs below
LDL-P blood testing measures the number of low-density lipoprotein particles circulating in your blood. LDL particles are tiny, cholesterol-carrying packages (lipoproteins) that arise when the liver releases very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and these are processed in the bloodstream. Each LDL particle carries one apolipoprotein B (apoB), which anchors the particle and helps it bind to cell receptors. Available at 2,000+ lab locations and at-home (select states). See FAQs below
LDL cholesterol / total cholesterol (Mass ratio) is the share of all cholesterol in your blood that is carried specifically by LDL particles. LDL cholesterol is the cholesterol packaged in low-density lipoproteins made by the liver as it remodels VLDL during normal fat transport. Available at 2,000+ lab locations and at-home (select states). See FAQs below
LDL cholesterol is the cholesterol carried inside low-density lipoprotein particles in your blood (LDL-C). These particles are tiny packages made by the liver that contain a single apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB) and a core of cholesterol and triglyceride. They mostly arise when the liver releases very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), which is trimmed by enzymes in the bloodstream into intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) and then into LDL. Available at 2,000+ lab locations and at-home (select states). See FAQs below
HDL size blood testing gauges the average diameter of high-density lipoprotein particles circulating in your blood. HDL particles are tiny lipid–protein packages built primarily in the liver and intestine (hepatic, intestinal origin). They start as small, lipid‑poor discs centered on apolipoprotein A‑I (apoA‑I) and grow as they collect cholesterol from cells; enzymes and transfer proteins reshape them along the way, notably LCAT (lecithin–cholesterol acyltransferase), CETP (cholesteryl ester transfer protein), and hepatic lipase. Available at 2,000+ lab locations and at-home (select states). See FAQs below
HDL-P blood testing measures the number of high-density lipoprotein particles circulating in your blood. HDL particles are tiny lipid-protein carriers built around apolipoprotein A‑I (apoA‑I) and a shell of phospholipids and cholesterol. They arise from the liver and intestine and then assemble and mature in the bloodstream as they pick up fats and cholesterol from tissues. Available at 2,000+ lab locations and at-home (select states). See FAQs below
HDL cholesterol in a blood test is the amount of cholesterol carried inside high-density lipoproteins. These are tiny, protein‑rich particles made mainly by the liver and small intestine (HDL particles containing apolipoprotein A‑I). HDL is part of the body’s lipoprotein system that transports fats through the blood. Available at 2,000+ lab locations and at-home (select states). See FAQs below
The GGT-to-HDL cholesterol ratio is a calculation based on two routine blood components: an enzyme mainly from the liver (gamma-glutamyl transferase, GGT) and the cholesterol carried by “good” high-density lipoproteins (HDL-C). GGT sits on the outer surface of liver and bile duct cells and helps recycle the body’s master antioxidant, glutathione. Available at 2,000+ lab locations and at-home (select states). See FAQs below
The cholesterol/HDL ratio blood test reports a calculated indicator from a standard lipid panel. It compares the amount of cholesterol circulating in all particles combined (total cholesterol) with the portion carried by the “scavenger” particles that help ferry cholesterol away from tissues (HDL cholesterol). Available at 2,000+ lab locations and at-home (select states). See FAQs below
Total cholesterol blood testing measures the overall amount of cholesterol circulating in your blood. Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like molecule (sterol lipid) that your body makes mainly in the liver and also absorbs from animal-based foods. Available at 2,000+ lab locations and at-home (select states). See FAQs below
The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) is a calculated snapshot of your blood’s lipid mix. It combines two routine lipid values—triglycerides and HDL cholesterol—to summarize how fats made in the liver and absorbed from the gut travel in the bloodstream inside carrier particles (lipoproteins). Available at 2,000+ lab locations and at-home (select states). See FAQs below
The atherogenic coefficient (AC) is a calculated marker from a standard cholesterol blood test, not a substance in the blood. It describes how cholesterol is distributed among lipoproteins. Specifically, it compares the cholesterol carried by potentially plaque-forming particles (non-HDL lipoproteins: LDL, VLDL, IDL, and remnants) to the cholesterol carried by the protective scavenger particle (HDL). Available at 2,000+ lab locations and at-home (select states). See FAQs below
Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) blood testing measures the amount of ApoB, the main scaffold protein on the body’s fat‑carrying particles in blood (apolipoprotein B on circulating lipoproteins). ApoB is made in the liver and intestine, appearing as two forms: ApoB‑100 from the liver and ApoB‑48 from the gut. Available at 2,000+ lab locations and at-home (select states). See FAQs below
Stroke risk often traces to vascular injury and inflammation. Blood testing clarifies your lipid burden and immune activity: LDL, HDL, ApoB, Lp(a), hs-CRP, NLR, and MLR, to illuminate cerebrovascular risk. Superpower offers in-clinic and at-home testing; home testing available in selected states. (See FAQs below for more info).
Peripheral artery disease reflects systemic atherosclerosis impairing limb perfusion. Blood biomarkers illuminate risk and inflammatory drive. Superpower offers LDL, ApoB, Lp(a), hs-CRP, and AIP testing to profile atherogenic burden. Access testing in-clinic or at home; home blood testing for PAD is available in selected states. (See FAQs below for more info).
Blood testing clarifies cardiovascular injury and risk, guiding timely care for myocardial infarction. Superpower offers hs-CRP and LDL/HDL testing to assess inflammation and atherogenic burden. Choose in-clinic or at-home collection. Home testing is available in selected states. (See FAQs below for more info).
Blood testing clarifies hypertension’s biology—fluid balance, kidney-hormone regulation, and medication effects. At Superpower, we test sodium and potassium (Na+, K+), key electrolytes guiding pressure control. We offer in-clinic and at-home blood testing. Home hypertension testing is available in selected states. (See FAQs below for more info).
Blood testing clarifies heart failure severity and systemic strain by tracking fluid balance, kidney function, and inflammation. At Superpower, we test albumin, sodium, creatinine, and hs-CRP. We offer in-clinic and at-home blood testing; home collection for heart failure is available in selected states. (See FAQs below for more info).
Dyslipidemia blood testing reveals how your lipid transport system manages atherosclerosis risk. Superpower offers in-clinic and at‑home testing of LDL, HDL, triglycerides, ApoB, LDL‑P, HDL‑P, LDL size, and HDL size. At‑home dyslipidemia testing is available in selected states. (See FAQs below for more info).
Blood testing clarifies vascular drivers of cognitive decline. At Superpower, we measure LDL, ApoB, Lp(a), and hs-CRP to profile atherogenic burden and inflammation for vascular dementia risk. We offer in-clinic and at-home testing; home kits are available in selected states. (See FAQs below for more info).
Blood testing guides early detection and risk stratification for coronary artery disease. Superpower offers in-clinic and at-home panels measuring LDL, HDL, ApoB, Lp(a), hs-CRP, non-HDL/HDL ratio (NHR), and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP). Home testing is currently available in selected states. (See FAQs below for more info).
Blood testing helps detect atherosclerosis early by quantifying particle burden and arterial inflammation. At Superpower, we measure LDL, ApoB, Lp(a), hs-CRP, AIP, and AC to map atherogenic risk. We offer both in-clinic and at-home testing; home testing is currently available in selected states. (See FAQs below for more info).
A clinical guide to elevated BNP: what causes high levels, the cardiac and non-cardiac conditions associated with elevation, and how to interpret results across different patient profiles.
A clinical guide to BNP testing: what a normal BNP level is, how results are interpreted by age and sex, what causes elevated values, and key factors that affect the result.
This blood biomarker may reveal heart muscle damage with remarkable precision, often before you feel symptoms.
BNP levels above 100 pg/mL suggest heart failure, with higher levels reflecting greater severity — but understanding the full picture requires more than just knowing the number.
BNP levels reveal heart strain before you feel symptoms, but understanding what your numbers actually mean requires more than just knowing the reference range.
Your cholesterol numbers tell a story about cardiovascular risk that goes far beyond "good" and "bad" labels.
Your cholesterol test reveals more than just numbers, it provides insights that may be associated with cardiovascular health.
This diagnostic test reveals how your heart performs under pressure, uncovering hidden cardiovascular problems that don't show up at rest.
